【Azure云】Azure威胁评估-使用Azure安全服务构建第一层防御

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Azure threats assessment - Build the first layer of defense with Azure Security services

潜在用例

本文根据每个Azure服务介绍Azure安全服务。通过这种方式，您可以想到针对资源的特定威胁——虚拟机（VM）、操作系统、Azure网络、应用程序——或者可能危及用户和密码的攻击。然后使用本文中的图表来帮助您了解使用哪些Azure安全服务来保护资源和用户身份免受该类型的威胁。

架构

内部部署资源、Microsoft 365和Azure的服务以及MITRE ATTACK矩阵分类的16种威胁的图表。

Download a Visio file of this architecture.

此图中的Azure安全层基于Azure安全基准（ASB）v3，这是一组通过Azure策略实现的安全规则。ASB基于CIS互联网安全中心和国家标准与技术研究所的规则。有关ASB的更多信息，请参阅Azure Security Benchmark v3概述。

该图并不包含所有可用的Azure安全服务，但它显示了组织最常用的安全服务。体系结构图中标识的所有安全服务都可以根据您的IT环境和组织的安全要求以任何组合的方式协同工作。

工作流

本节介绍图中显示的组件和服务。除了缩写标签外，其中许多还标有ASB控制代码。控制代码对应于“控制”中列出的控制域。

AZURE安全基准

每个安全控件都指一个或多个特定的Azure安全服务。本文中的体系结构参考根据ASB文档显示了其中一些及其控制编号。控件包括：

网络安全
身份管理
特权访问
数据保护
资产管理
日志记录和威胁检测
事件响应
姿态和漏洞管理
端点安全
备份和恢复
DevOps安全
治理和战略

有关安全控制的更多信息，请参阅Azure安全基准测试概述（v3）。

网络

下表描述了图中的网络服务。

Label	Description	Documentation
NSG	A free service that you attach to a network interface or subnet. An NSG allows you to filter TCP or UDP protocol traffic by using IP address ranges and ports for inbound and outbound connections.	Network security groups
VPN	A virtual private network (VPN) gateway that delivers a tunnel with IPSEC (IKE v1/v2) protection.	VPN Gateway
AZURE FIREWALL	A platform as a service (PaaS) that delivers protection in layer 4 and is attached to an entire virtual network.	What is Azure Firewall?
APP GW + WAF	Azure Application Gateway with Web Application Firewall (WAF). Application Gateway is a load balancer for web traffic that works in layer 7 and adds WAF to protect applications that use HTTP and HTTPS.	What is Azure Application Gateway?
NVA	Network Virtual Appliance (NVA), a virtual security services from the marketplace that is provisioned on VMs on Azure.	Network Virtual Appliances
DDOS	DDoS protection implemented on the virtual network to help you mitigate different types of DDoS attacks.	Azure DDoS Network Protection overview
TLS/SSL	TLS/SSL deliver encryption in transit for most Azure services that exchange information, such as Azure Storage and Web Apps.	Configure end-to-end TLS by using Application Gateway with PowerShell
PRIVATE LINK	Service that allows you to create a private network for an Azure service that initially is exposed to the internet.	What is Azure Private Link?
PRIVATE ENDPOINT	Creates a network interface and attaches it to the Azure service. Private Endpoint is part of Private Link. This configuration lets the service, by using a private endpoint, be part of your virtual network.	What is a private endpoint?

基础设施和端点

下表描述了图中所示的基础结构和端点服务。

Label	Description	Documentation
BASTION	Bastion provides jump server functionality. This service allows you to access your VMs through remote desktop protocol (RDP) or SSH without exposing your VMs to the internet.	What is Azure Bastion?
ANTIMALWARE	Microsoft Defender provides anti-malware service and is part of Windows 10, Windows 11, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2019.	Microsoft Defender Antivirus in Windows
DISK ENCRYPT	Disk Encryption allows you to encrypt the disk of a VM.	Azure Disk Encryption for Windows VMs
KEYVAULT	Key Vault, a service to store keys, secrets, and certificates with FIPS 140-2 Level 2 or 3.	Azure Key Vault basic concepts
RDP SHORT	Azure Virtual Desktop RDP Shortpath. This feature allows remote users to connect to the Virtual Desktop service from a private network.	Azure Virtual Desktop RDP Shortpath for managed networks
REVERSE CONNECT	A built-in security feature from Azure Virtual Desktop. Reverse connect guarantees that remote users receive only pixel streams and don't reach the host VMs.	Understanding Azure Virtual Desktop network connectivity

应用程序和数据

下表描述了图中显示的应用程序和数据服务。

Label	Description	Documentation
FRONTDOOR + WAF	A content delivery network (CDN). Front Door combines multiple points of presence to deliver a better connection for users who access the service and adds WAF.	What is Azure Front Door?
API MANAGEMENT	A service that delivers security for API calls and manages APIs across environments.	About API Management
PENTEST	A set of best practices to execute a penetration test in your environment, including Azure resources.	Penetration testing
STORAGE SAS TOKEN	A shared access token to allow others to access your Azure storage account.	Grant limited access to Azure Storage resources using shared access signatures (SAS)
PRIVATE ENDPOINT	Create a network interface and attach it to your storage account to configure it inside a private network on Azure.	Use private endpoints for Azure Storage
STORAGE FIREWALL	Firewall that allows you to set a range of IP addresses that can access your storage account.	Configure Azure Storage firewalls and virtual networks
ENCRYPTION (Azure Storage)	Protects your storage account with encryption at rest.	Azure Storage encryption for data at rest
SQL AUDIT	Tracks database events and writes them to an audit log in your Azure storage account.	Auditing for Azure SQL Database and Azure Synapse Analytics
VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT	Service that helps you discover, track, and remediate potential database vulnerabilities.	SQL vulnerability assessment helps you identify database vulnerabilities
ENCRYPTION (Azure SQL)	Transparent data encryption (TDE) helps protect Azure SQL database services by encrypting data at rest.	Transparent data encryption for SQL Database, SQL Managed Instance, and Azure Synapse Analytics

身份

下表描述了图中显示的身份服务。

Label	Description	Documentation
RBAC	Azure role-based access control (Azure RBAC) helps you manage access to Azure services by using granular permissions that are based on users' Microsoft Entra credentials.	What is Azure role-based access control (Azure RBAC)?
MFA	Multifactor authentication offers additional types of authentication beyond user names and passwords.	How it works: Microsoft Entra multifactor authentication
ID PROTECTION	Identity Protection, a security service from Microsoft Entra ID, analyzes trillions of signals per day to identify and protect users from threats.	What is Identity Protection?
PIM	Privileged Identity Management (PIM), a security service from Microsoft Entra ID. It helps you to provide superuser privileges temporarily for Microsoft Entra ID (for example, Global Admin) and Azure subscriptions (for example, owner or contributor).	What is Microsoft Entra Privileged Identity Management?
COND ACC	Conditional Access is an intelligent security service that uses policies that you define for various conditions to block or grant access to users.	What is Conditional Access?

组件

本文中的示例体系结构使用以下Azure组件：

Microsoft Entra ID是一种基于云的身份和访问管理服务。Microsoft Entra ID可帮助您的用户访问外部资源，如Microsoft 365、Azure门户和数千个其他SaaS应用程序。它还可以帮助他们访问内部资源，如企业内部网上的应用程序。
Azure虚拟网络是Azure中私有网络的基本构建块。虚拟网络使许多类型的Azure资源能够安全地相互通信、互联网和本地网络。虚拟网络提供了一个虚拟网络，该网络受益于Azure的基础设施，如规模、可用性和隔离。
Azure负载平衡器是一种高性能、低延迟的第4层负载平衡服务（入站和出站），适用于所有UDP和TCP协议。它的构建旨在每秒处理数百万个请求，同时确保您的解决方案具有高可用性。Azure负载平衡器是区域冗余的，可确保跨可用性区域的高可用性。
虚拟机是Azure提供的几种按需、可扩展的计算资源之一。Azure虚拟机（VM）为您提供了虚拟化的灵活性，而无需购买和维护运行它的物理硬件。
Azure Kubernetes服务（AKS）是一种完全托管的Kubernets服务，用于部署和管理容器化应用程序。AKS提供无服务器Kubernetes、持续集成/持续交付（CI/CD）以及企业级安全和治理。
Azure虚拟桌面是一种在云上运行的桌面和应用程序虚拟化服务，为远程用户提供桌面。
应用程序服务Web应用程序是一种基于HTTP的服务，用于托管Web应用程序、REST API和移动后端。您可以使用自己喜欢的语言进行开发，应用程序可以在基于Windows和Linux的环境中轻松运行和扩展。
Azure存储是云中各种数据对象的高可用性、大规模可扩展性、持久性和安全存储，包括对象、blob、文件、磁盘、队列和表存储。写入Azure存储帐户的所有数据都由该服务加密。Azure存储为您提供了对谁有权访问您的数据的细粒度控制。
Azure SQL数据库是一个完全管理的PaaS数据库引擎，它处理大多数数据库管理功能，如升级、修补、备份和监控。它在没有用户参与的情况下提供这些功能。SQL数据库提供了一系列内置的安全和法规遵从性功能，以帮助您的应用程序满足安全和法规要求。

Next steps

Microsoft has more documentation that can help you secure your IT environment, and the following articles can be particularly helpful:

Security in the Microsoft Cloud Adoption Framework for Azure. The Cloud Adoption Framework provides security guidance for your cloud journey by clarifying the processes, best practices, models, and experience.
Microsoft Azure Well-Architected Framework. The Azure Well-Architected Framework is a set of guiding tenets that you can use to improve the quality of a workload. The framework is based on five pillars: reliability, security, cost optimization, operational excellence, and performance efficiency.
Microsoft Security Best Practices. Microsoft Security Best Practices (formerly known as the Azure Security Compass or Microsoft Security Compass) is a collection of best practices that provide clear, actionable guidance for security-related decisions.
Microsoft Cybersecurity Reference Architectures (MCRA). MCRA is a compilation of various Microsoft security reference architectures.

In the following resources, you can find more information about the services, technologies, and terminologies that are mentioned in this article:

What are public, private, and hybrid clouds?
Overview of the Azure Security Benchmark (v3)
Embrace proactive security with Zero Trust
Microsoft 365 subscription information
Microsoft Defender XDR

For more details about this reference architecture, see the other articles in this series:

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星期六, June 8, 2024 - 20:44

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