【虚拟化】扩展多路径虚拟机磁盘（设备上没有剩余空间）

最近，我的一台多路径虚拟机上的空间用完了。我决定在这里写下扩展虚拟机磁盘大小的步骤。

请考虑下面的多路径虚拟机列表：

kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass list

Name                    State             IPv4             Image
altruistic-impala       Running           172.17.244.151   Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
awx                     Stopped           --               Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
database                Stopped           --               Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
haproxy                 Stopped           --               Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

The VM named altruistic-impala is the one concerned by the disk expansion. It has the following specs:

kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass info altruistic-impala

Name:           altruistic-impala
State:          Running
IPv4:           172.17.244.151
Release:        Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
Image hash:     870bd58b5c1e (Ubuntu 22.04 LTS)
CPU(s):         1
Load:           0.02 0.03 0.00
Disk usage:     7.6GiB out of 7.6GiB
Memory usage:   180.4MiB out of 892.2MiB
Mounts:         --

As you can see above, the VM has a 7.6GiB disk, used at 100% of its capacity.

I will expand the disk size to 32G (feel free to put with the desired size you want):

kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass stop altruistic-impala 
kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass set local.altruistic-impala.disk=32G  
kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass start altruistic-impala 

Note: Substitute altruistic-impala in all the commands of this article with the name of your target VM.

在这一点上，我应该完成。根据Multipass文档，以上步骤就足够了。虚拟机磁盘大小应该已经扩展，根分区的大小应该已经调整。但就我而言，我得到了一个惊喜：之前的说法部分属实。调整大小操作需要一小部分可用空间。

我为什么这么说？

因为我发现，如果您的虚拟机磁盘在进行扩展时没有剩余空间，磁盘大小会发生变化，但根分区不会自动调整大小。那么修改将不会反映在操作系统中。因此，在扩展磁盘之后，我需要手动扩展主分区，并从VM中扩展文件系统。如果你也处于同样的情况，请阅读。

您可以在VM上使用lsblk命令，如下所示进行验证：

kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass exec altruistic-impala -- lsblk

NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
loop0     7:0    0  63.4M  1 loop /snap/core20/1974
loop1     7:1    0 111.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/24322
loop2     7:2    0  53.3M  1 loop /snap/snapd/19457
sda       8:0    0    32G  0 disk
├─sda1    8:1    0   7.9G  0 part /
├─sda14   8:14   0     4M  0 part
└─sda15   8:15   0   106M  0 part /boot/efi
sr0      11:0    1    52K  0 rom

我们可以看到，sda磁盘大小已成功地从8G增加到32G。但它的主分区sda1安装在/仍然显示7.9G的大小。我们需要调整分区大小以利用所有可用空间。

让我们进入altruistic-impala的shell：

kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass shell altruistic-impala

From that shell:

ubuntu@altruistic-impala:~$ sudo parted /dev/sda

GNU Parted 3.4
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) resizepart                                                
Warning: Not all of the space available to /dev/sda appears to be used, you can fix the GPT to use all of the space (an extra 50331648 blocks) or continue with
the current setting? 
Fix/Ignore? Fix                                                           
Partition number? 1                                                       
Warning: Partition /dev/sda1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue?
Yes/No? Yes                                                               
End?  [8590MB]? 100%                                                      
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

We also need to resize the filesystem:

ubuntu@altruistic-impala:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1
  
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 4
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 8360187 (4k) blocks long.

And now we’re done! We check it out:

ubuntu@altruistic-impala:~$ lsblk
                                         
NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
fd0       2:0    1     4K  0 disk 
loop0     7:0    0  53.3M  1 loop /snap/snapd/19457
loop1     7:1    0  63.4M  1 loop /snap/core20/1974
loop2     7:2    0 111.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/24322
sda       8:0    0    32G  0 disk 
├─sda1    8:1    0  31.9G  0 part /
├─sda14   8:14   0     4M  0 part 
└─sda15   8:15   0   106M  0 part /boot/efi
sr0      11:0    1    52K  0 rom

The /dev/sda1 partition is now used at 25% against 100% at the beginning of this write-up:

ubuntu@altruistic-impala:~$ df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs            96M  5.7M   90M   6% /run
/dev/sda1        31G  7.6G   24G  25% /
tmpfs           476M     0  476M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
/dev/sda15      105M  6.1M   99M   6% /boot/efi
tmpfs            96M  4.0K   96M   1% /run/user/1000

It corresponds to 7.6GiB used out of 30.9GiB:

kenneth@laptop:~$ multipass info altruistic-impala

Name:           altruistic-impala
State:          Running
IPv4:           172.17.244.151
Release:        Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
Image hash:     870bd58b5c1e (Ubuntu 22.04 LTS)
CPU(s):         1
Load:           0.08 0.10 0.07
Disk usage:     7.6GiB out of 30.9GiB
Memory usage:   148.2MiB out of 951.9MiB
Mounts:         --

That’s all !