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How To Install PostgreSQL 12 on CentOS 7 / CentOS 8

本指南将引导您完成在CentOS 7 / CentOS 8 Linux服务器上安装PostgreSQL 12的步骤。 PostgreSQL是一个基于POSTGRES 4.2的对象关系数据库管理系统。开发人员和数据库管理员可以使用PostgreSQL 12。

PostgreSQL项目为最常见的发行版提供了所有受支持版本的软件包的存储库。支持的发行版包括所有Red Hat系列，其中包括CentOS，Fedora，Scientific Linux，Oracle Linux和Red Hat Enterprise Linux。

使用以下步骤在CentOS 8 / CentOS 7上安装PostgreSQL 12。

步骤1：将PostgreSQL Yum存储库添加到CentOS 7 / CentOS 8

PostgreSQL Yum存储库将与您的常规系统和补丁程序管理集成，并在PostgreSQL的整个支持期限内为所有受支持的PostgreSQL版本提供自动更新。

可以通过运行以下命令将其添加到CentOS系统中：

CentOS 8：

sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

CentOS 7:

sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

您可以通过运行以下命令获取有关已安装软件包的更多信息：

$ rpm -qi pgdg-redhat-repo
Name        : pgdg-redhat-repo
Version     : 42.0
Release     : 4
Architecture: noarch
Install Date: Thu 19 Sep 2019 06:34:53 PM UTC
Group       : System Environment/Base
Size        : 6915
License     : PostgreSQL
Signature   : DSA/SHA1, Wed 17 Apr 2019 04:12:42 AM UTC, Key ID 1f16d2e1442df0f8
Source RPM  : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.src.rpm
Build Date  : Wed 17 Apr 2019 04:12:41 AM UTC
Build Host  : koji-centos7-x86-64-pgbuild
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Vendor      : PostgreSQL Global Development Group
URL         : https://yum.postgresql.org
Summary     : PostgreSQL PGDG RPMs- Yum Repository Configuration for Red Hat / CentOS / Scientific Linux
Description :
This package contains yum configuration for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS
 and Scientific Linux. and also the GPG key for PGDG RPMs.

`步骤2：在CentOS 8 / CentOS 7上安装PostgreSQL 12`

添加YUM存储库后，我们可以使用以下命令在CentOS 7/8上安装PostgreSQL 12。

`CentOS 8上的PostgreSQL 12`

禁用内置的PostgreSQL模块：

sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql

然后安装客户端和服务器软件包：

sudo dnf -y install postgresql12 postgresql12-server

`CentOS 7上的PostgreSQL 12`

安装PostgreSQL客户端和服务器软件包：

sudo yum -y install epel-release yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager --enable pgdg12
sudo yum install postgresql12-server postgresql12

样本安装输出：

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                Arch                      Version                                  Repository                         Size
===================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 postgresql12                           x86_64                    12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7                      pgdg12-testing                    1.8 M
 postgresql12-server                    x86_64                    12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7                      pgdg12-testing                    5.4 M
Installing for dependencies:
 libicu                                 x86_64                    50.2-3.el7                               base                              6.9 M
 postgresql12-libs                      x86_64                    12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7                      pgdg12-testing                    383 k
 python3                                x86_64                    3.6.8-10.el7                             base                               69 k
 python3-libs                           x86_64                    3.6.8-10.el7                             base                              7.0 M
 python3-pip                            noarch                    9.0.3-5.el7                              base                              1.8 M
 python3-setuptools                     noarch                    39.2.0-10.el7                            base                              629 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages (+6 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 24 M
Installed size: 104 M
Downloading packages:
(1/8): libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                         | 6.9 MB  00:00:00     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg12-testing/packages/postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
Public key for postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(2/8): postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                                                     | 383 kB  00:00:00     
(3/8): python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                      |  69 kB  00:00:00     
(4/8): python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                          | 629 kB  00:00:00     
(5/8): postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                                                          | 1.8 MB  00:00:00     
(6/8): python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                 | 7.0 MB  00:00:00     
(7/8): postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                                                   | 5.4 MB  00:00:00     
(8/8): python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                   | 1.8 MB  00:00:00     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                                               15 MB/s |  24 MB  00:00:01     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
 Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsqlrpms-hackers@pgfoundry.org>"
 Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
 Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        1/8 
  Installing : postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                    2/8 
  Installing : python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                3/8 
  Installing : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch                                                                                         4/8 
  Installing : python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                     5/8 
  Installing : python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                  6/8 
  Installing : postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                         7/8 
  Installing : postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                  8/8 
  Verifying  : postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                    1/8 
  Verifying  : python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch                                                                                                  2/8 
  Verifying  : libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                        3/8 
  Verifying  : python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                4/8 
  Verifying  : postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                         5/8 
  Verifying  : postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                                                  6/8 
  Verifying  : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch                                                                                         7/8 
  Verifying  : python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64                                                                                                     8/8 

Installed:
  postgresql12.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7                            postgresql12-server.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7                           

Dependency Installed:
  libicu.x86_64 0:50.2-3.el7       postgresql12-libs.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 python3.x86_64 0:3.6.8-10.el7 python3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.8-10.el7
  python3-pip.noarch 0:9.0.3-5.el7 python3-setuptools.noarch 0:39.2.0-10.el7

`步骤3：初始化并启动数据库服务`

安装后，需要先进行数据库初始化，然后才能启动服务。

sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb

数据库主要配置ifile写入：/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf

启动并启用数据库服务器服务。

sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-12

确认服务已启动，没有任何错误。

$ systemctl status postgresql-12
● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-09-19 18:50:10 UTC; 39s ago
     Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/
  Process: 10647 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10652 (postmaster)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service
           ├─10652 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/
           ├─10654 postgres: logger   
           ├─10656 postgres: checkpointer   
           ├─10657 postgres: background writer   
           ├─10658 postgres: walwriter   
           ├─10659 postgres: autovacuum launcher   
           ├─10660 postgres: stats collector   
           └─10661 postgres: logical replication launcher   

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.207 UTC [10652] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 12beta4 on x86_64-pc-lin... 64-bit
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.209 UTC [10652] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.209 UTC [10652] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.214 UTC [10652] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresq...L.5432"
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.229 UTC [10652] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.254 UTC [10652] LOG:  redirecting log output to logging collector process
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.254 UTC [10652] HINT:  Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

如果您有正在运行的防火墙服务，并且远程客户端应连接到数据库服务器，则允许PostgreSQL服务。

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

`第4步：设置PostgreSQL管理员用户的密码`

设置PostgreSQL管理员用户

$ sudo su - postgres 
~]$ psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongPassword'" 
ALTER ROLE

`步骤5：启用远程访问（可选）`

编辑文件/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf并将所有服务器的“监听地址”设置为服务器IP地址或“ *”。

listen_addresses ='192.168.10.10'

还设置PostgreSQL接受远程连接

$ sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf

# Accept from anywhere
host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5

# Accept from trusted subnet
host all all 192.168.18.0/24 md5

提交更改后，重新启动数据库服务。